[PF:166378] Shari'i Zakah is also called "Sadaqah" in the Qur'an and Sunnah

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The Meaning of Sadaqah

Zakah as known in Shari'ah is sometimes called in the Qur'an and Sunnah

"sadaqah", to the extent that al Mawardi said "Sadaqah is zakah, and zakah is sadaqah.

They are two names for the same thing."[8] God (J) says, "of their wealth take sadaqah

that so thou mightest purify and sanctify them"[9] and "and among them are men who

slander thee in the matter of sadaqat"[10] and "sadaqat are for the poor and the

needy."[11],[12] Hadith says, "There is no sadaqah in what is less than five Wasq. There is

no sadaqah in what is less than five camels and there is no sadaqah in what is less than

five uqiyah."[13] Addressing Mu'adh when sent to Yemen the Prophet (p) said "Inform

them that God has prescribed sadaqah on their funds, to be taken from their rich." All

these texts were talking about zakah while using the word sadaqah, even the zakah

collector and distributor is called musaddiq. But In the later history of Islam, sadaqah

was traditionally used to mean only Vol.untary charitable donations given to beggars

and destitutes. But such a tradition must not be allowed to mislead us and divert us from

the meaning of the word at the time when Qur'an was being revealed. The root of the

word sadaqah is the word sidq. Judge Abu Bakr bin al 'Arabi, commenting on naming

zakah sadaqah, states that "It is derived from sidq. Sidq is truthfulness in realizing

declared belief by action. The root sidq means realizing and supporting something by

another. The word sadaq (Dowry) for women means realizing the lawfulness of

intimacy by the contract and the dowry under specific conditions known in Shari'ah.

The root sidq has several derivatives. The verb saddaqa with respect to statements

means to accept and to realize. The verb tasaddaqa with respect to funds means gave

away, realizing his faith by action. And the verb asdaqa means to give dowry in

marriage to women. The meaning of sadaqah is derived from the root sidq because

sadaqah implies giving away goods and funds for the sake of God in expression of

faithfullness and in realization of the belief in ressurection and afterlife."[14] It is for that

reason that Qur'an associated giving with affirmation of faith and withholding with

rejection of faith, God (s) says, "So he who gives in charity and fears God and in all

sincerity testifies to the best, we will indeed make smooth for him the path to bliss, but

he who is a greedy miser and thinks himself self-sufficient and gives lies to the best we

will indeed make smooth for him the path to misery."[15]

Sadaqah is thus an indication of truthfullness in faith and sincere belief in the day

of judgment, Accordingly, the Messenger of God (p) said sadaqah is a proof (or

evidence),"[16]

References:

8. At Mawardi, al Ahkam al Sultaniyah, the beginning of Chapter 11.

9. Sura at Tawbah, 9:103.

10. Sura at Tawbah, 9:58.

11. Sura at Tawbah, 9:60.

12. The late professor Dr. Muhammad Yusuf Musa, commented on, Schact "Qur'an refers

first to the meaning of zakah using the word sadaqah, then used the word zakah. But if

we look carefully in the Makkan suras of the Qur'an we find the word zakah used long

before the words sadaqah and sadaqat. The letters are only used in Madinan suras."

13. Reported by Bukhari, Muslim, and others.

14. Ahkam al Qur'an part 2, p. 946, with commentary by al Bijawi.

15. Sura al Layl, 92:5-10.

16. Reported by Muslim.

Excerpt from FIQH AL ZAKAH (VOLUME I): A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ZAKAH, REGULATIONS AND PHILOSOPHY IN THE LIGHT OF QUR'AN AND SUNNAH, DR. YUSUF AL QARDAWI

May Allah bless you with true success of this world as well as of the hereafter!

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Shakeel Ahmad
B.Tech (IT-BHU), MBA (XLRI), PMP
Dubai, United Arab Emirates

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