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{Kantakji Group}. Add '11811' Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (7)




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 

- في عقد القرض، يتصور وقوع الربا بنوعيه، ربا الفضل وربا (النَّساء) أو التأخير، فإذا ردَّ المُقترِضُ القرضَ زائداً عن أصله- وكانت الزيادة مشروطةً- فهذا ربا الفضل، وإن ردَّه بنفس مقداره ومعه شيء آخر -وإن قلَّ- وكان مشروطاً فهو ربا، أو اشترط المُقرِضُ على المُقترِضِ  أن يُساعده أو يمكنَّه من استخدام أملاكه، فهو ربا لأن كل قرضٍ جرَّ نفعاً فهو ربا.  

In loans, the two types of usury can take place; the excess usury and the delay one.

If the debtor returns the debt in excess of the original one, then this is an excess usury. If he returns it equal to the original debt along with something else according to a precondition, even if it is insignificant, then this is usury also. A creditor putting a condition that the debtor has to help him or enable him to use his property is another form of usury, because any loan brings stipulated benefit is usury.

 إذا طرأ الرّبا على القرضِ فهو حرامٌ حتى وإن لم يكن مشروطاً عند إبرام العقد، ومثال ذلك ربا الجاهلية ، حيث كان الرّجلُ يُقرِض الرّجلَ فإذا جاء الأجل قال (أي المُقرِض): إما أن تقضي وإمّا أن تُربي، فجاء القرآن والسّنة كلاهما بتحريمه.

 

If usury happens to surface, it is forbidden even if it is not stipulated in the contract. Example of this is the usury of pre Islam era when the lender used to say to the borrower on the due date" Either you give me back the debt or add more money to the debt". When Islam came, the Quran and the Sunnah (the Prophetic tradition) both strongly prohibited it. 

 

أمّا ما يُعطيه المُقترِض للمُقرِض أو ما يعطيه المدينُ للدائن عن طيب نفسٍ وبغيرِ شرطٍ مسبقٍ فهذا من مكارم الأخلاق وحُسن الأداء، وقد تعلّمناه من سيّد الخلق صلى الله عليه وسلم، فقد اقترض وردّ أفضل ممّا أخذ وقال ( إنّ خيار النّاس أحسنُهم قضاءً).

 

As for any unstipulated additional amount of money paid by the borrower to the lender, or any object or item paid by the debtor to the creditor; it is a virtue and devotion to Allah SWT that Islam encourages Muslims to do, and we have learned that from the Prophet PBUH when He once borrowed something, He paid it back with a better quality. He commented by saying "the best amongst you are the best in paying off their debt "

 

 

 

 



 



Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org







 


From: kqmain@hotmail.com
Subject: [INAYAH GROUP-15289] Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (6)
Date: Mon, 29 Apr 2013 03:39:21 +0000




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 

3 - القرضُ هو إعطاء مالٍ نقداً أو عيناً لمن ينتفع به على أن يرُدّه، أمّا الدّينُ فهو ما ثَبَتَ في الذّمة من الحقوق: كالقرضِ وثمن المبيع بالأجل أو المبيع بالتقسيط أو أجرة الموظّف على صاحب العمل أو مقابل الإجارة على المستأجر أو قيمة فاتورة استهلاك الماء أو الكهرباء أو الهاتف على المستهلك...وهكذا، فكل قرضٍ دينٌ وليس كل دينٍ قرضاً.

Three: The loan is money or wealth – in cash or in kind- which a debtor owes a creditor and the former must pay it off to the latter on its due date. As of the  debt , it is  any financial obligations that come into existence as the result of any contract or credit transaction, like a loan,  forward sale , sale on installments , or the money which the employer must pay to the employee , or money to be paid against renting or hiring , or bills paid against consumption of water , electricity , telephone,…etc. Therefore, every loan is a debt but not every debt is a loan.

 

4- لا يُشترطُ النّصّ في معاملات النّاس على كلمة (القرض) أو (الدّين) لاعتبار المعاملة قرضاً أو ديناً، بل يكفي أن تكون طبيعة المعاملة مطابقةً لأيّ منهما لاعتبارها كذلك.

  ومثال ذلك حسابات التوفير في البنوك الرّبوية واعتبار الفقهاء أن هذه المعاملة مُحرّمة ٌلأنها قرضٌ: البنك فيها مقترضٌ والمودِعُ مقرِضٌ. سبب ذلك أن البنك يستخدم المال ويَضمَنُه وزيادتَه الرّبوية بحُكم القانون، فلا يجوز اعتبار المعاملة (مضاربة) مثلاً لأن المضارب لا يضمن رأس المال ولا ربحه، ولا (وديعة) لأن المودَعِ عنده لا يستخدم الوديعة ولا يضمنها إذا تلفت.

 Four: It is not a condition in any loan or debt transaction to write or verbalize the word (loan) or (debt) to be considered as a loan or a debt contract. Rather, it is enough that the nature of the contract indicates so.

Example of this is saving accounts in conventional banks. Scholars consider this transaction a prohibited one because it is a form of a loan, where the bank is the borrower and the account holder is the lender. This is because the bank guarantees the capital and its predetarmined interest. This is not a type of Modharabah in Sharia, which guarantees neither the capital nor the profit. Nor is this kind considered a (trust) because the trustee does not utilize on it, nor does he guarantee it if it is damaged.

 



 



Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org







 


From: kqmain@hotmail.com
Subject: [INAYAH GROUP-15287] Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (5)
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2013 20:20:49 +0000




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 

خلاصة القول في أنواع الرِّبا:

1- يمكن تعريف الربا بأنه (الزيادة أو التأخير في أموالٍ محدودة ٍ في معاملات ٍ محدودة ).

Summary of the types of usury

One : Usury can be defined as "An increment or delay in certain assets in certain transactions".

2- فالزيادة تسمّى ربا الفضل، والتأخيرُ هو ربا النّساء ، والأموال الرّبوية ( مظنّة دخول الرّبا فيها) هي الطعام والنّقود، ويقع الرّبا في نوعين من المعاملات أو العقود  فقط: عقد القرض (والدّيون عموماً) وعقد البيع.

Two : The increment is called excess usury (ribā al-fadhl ) and the delay is called delay usury (ribā al-nasīa). Usurious items are money and food. Usury occurs in two types of transactions only: loan contract and sale contract.



 



Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org







 


From: kqmain@hotmail.com
Subject: [INAYAH GROUP-15272] Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (4)
Date: Sun, 28 Apr 2013 00:27:11 +0000




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 


- للضرورة بمفهومها الشّرعيّ، وللحاجة العامّة التي تُنزّل منزلة الضرورة حظّ ٌ من النّظر في الترخّص في إباحة بعض المعاملات الرّبوية، فعلى من اضطُر أو احتاج للتعامل بالربا أن يستفتيَ الثقات العدول من أهل العلم في بلده.


 

Five: Furthermore, necessity- as legally defined according to the Islamic law- and the public need that ranks as a necessity or close to it, could permit some of the usurious dealings. Therefore, anyone who is obliged to or is in need of making usurious dealings has to consult with the trustworthy and upright scholars in his country.

- الرّجوعُ للمجامع الفقهيّة في الاستفتاء أبرءُ للذّمة وأحوط للدّين من سؤال آحاد العلماء. وأرجو أن يكون (مجمع فقهاء الشريعة بأمريكا) أحد هذه المرجعيّات الفقهيّة لمسلمي أمريكا الشمالية، فقد تلقّى الناس فتاواه بالقبول، ولله الفضل والمنّة

 

Six :However, resorting to the Fiqh councils  for consultation is more acquitting for the conscience and more cautious for the religion than asking the opinion of single scholars, and I hope that the Assembly of Muslim Jurists of America (AMJA) is one of these juridical foundations for the North American Muslims, now that they resort to and trust, all thanks and gratitude aredue to  Allah SWT.

 

 


Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org







 

From: kqmain@hotmail.com
Subject: [INAYAH GROUP-15250] Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (3)
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2013 00:05:43 +0000




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 

 3- لا يُعتَذر ُلإباحة الرّبا خارج ديار الإسلام بعموم البلوى ولا بمشقّة الاحتراز ولا بكون النّظام الاقتصاديّ نظاماً رأسمالياً لا ينفكّ عن الرّبا بحال، بل يمكن الاحتراز عن الرّبا والتعامل بدونه. ومن لم يتمكّن من العيش بدونه فأرضُ الله واسعة.

 

Three : No Muslim is allowed to give a pretext that he lives outside the lands of Islam or difficulties he is facing or Riba is prevailing  or that the economic system is a capitalist one. Rather , a Muslim can get his transactions without falling in usury, otherwise , he should leave that land and seek another one, given Allah' s earth is spacious. 

4- أمّا دعوات إباحة الرّبا لتقوية المسلمين اقتصاديّاً وتمكينهم من التأثير في المجتمع عن طريق بناء المؤسسات الدّعوية وغير ذلك فأقوالٌ واهية ٌلا تنهضُ بها حُجّة ٌ، يرددّها بعض العامّة من الدّعاة والناشطين في العمل الإسلامي، فإنّ الوسائل تأخذ حكم المقاصد في شريعتنا، والله سبحانه وتعالى أَغيرُ على دينه من عباده  وأعلم ُ بما يُصلِح حالهم ، والحلالُ ما أحلّ الله ورسوله ، والحرام ما حرّم الله ورسوله


Four : Some Muslims are calling for the permissiblity of Riba transaction under the pretext that this would boost the Muslims' economy which make them effective in their societies by building foundations for promoting Islam. Such calls are also unfounded ones made by some common preachers and activists in the Islamic work. This is because both means and ends must be compatible to Sharia , given that Allah SWT knows best what works for and what works against His slaves. This means that the lawful is that which Allah SWT and His Messenger permit and the prohibited is that which Allah SWT and His Messenger prohibit.

 


 



Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org







 


From: kqmain@hotmail.com
Subject: [INAYAH GROUP-15240] Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (2)
Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2013 15:19:52 +0000




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 

حكم الرّبا

1- الربا من كبائر الذنوب التي توجب اللّعن والإبعاد من رحمة الله، وحرمتهُ  معلومةٌ من الدّين بالضرورة، فقد لعن رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم آكل الربا ومؤكله وكاتبه وشاهديه، وهو من السبع الموبقات التي حذّر النّبي الكريم منها أمّته، كما أنّه الذنب الوحيد في القرآن الذي أعلن الله الحرب على فاعله ( يا أيها الذين آمنوا اتقوا الله وذروا ما بقي من الربا إن كنتم مؤمنين، فإن لم تفعلوا فاذنوا بحرب من الله ورسوله)

Ruling of Usury      

Uusry is one of the biggest fatal sins forbidden according to the Qur'aan and Sunnah and definitive scholarly consensus.  Allah and His Messenger curse whoever consumes usury, "whoever pays usury, the two who are witnesses to it, and the scribe who records it. It is of the seven fatal sins that the prophet warned his followers about. Allah says in Quran what means in English " (O you who believe! Fear Allah, and give up what remains of your demand for usury, if you are indeed believers. If you do it not, take notice of war from Allah and His Messenger)

  2- دار الإسلام ودار الكفر سواءٌ في حرمة الرّبا، ومن اجتهد من أهل العلم فقال بأن التعامل بين المسلم وغيره بالعقود الفاسدة في دار الحرب مباحٌ فقد أخطأ، إذ الأدلّة الصحيحة الصريحة على خلاف قوله، وَرَحِم الله علماءنا وجزاهم عنّا خير الجزاء، من أصاب منهم ومن أخطأ.

 

Two:  Muslims are forbidden to consume usury whether living in land of Islam or land of disbelief, and he is mistaken who says that a Muslim is allowed to hammer out prohibited contracts in the land of disbelief with the disbelievers, since the authentic and explicit evidences on this issue say otherwise. However, may Allah have mercy on all of our scholars, whether the ones who got it right, or scholars who , having striven to reach the truth, but could not.

 



 



Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org







 


From: kqmain@hotmail.com
Subject: [INAYAH GROUP-15229] Interest-Bearing Transactions in the USA (1)
Date: Fri, 26 Apr 2013 05:02:07 +0000




Assalamu Alaykom Wa Rahmatu Allah
 

الحمد لله ، والصلاة والسلام على رسول الله ، وعلى آله وصحبه ومن والاه،

 

وبعد :

فهذه سلسلة ٌموجزةٌ  بالمعاملات الرّبوية وما يتعلّق بها في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية ، أقدّمها للمسلمين في هذه البلاد عموماً، ولطلبة العلم الشّرعيّ خصوصاً، ليكون طالب العلم على بصيرةٍ من أمره، وليجمع الفقه بالواقع إلى جانب الفقه بالنصوص، ثم ليقوم بدوره المنشود في نشر العلم وتوعية الجالية المسلمة بأمور معاملاتها حتى تتجنّب الوقوع في الربا،ولكي تتعبّد الله سبحانه وتعالى بصحّة المعاملة كما تتعبده بصحة العبادة.

 

     وسأذكر في بدايتها خلاصة أحكام الربا،ثم أتناول المعاملات التي هي مظنّة وقوع الربا فيها والتي يكثر سؤال الناس عنها، مبيناً ما هو مباحٌ ،وما هو محظورٌ، وما هو مشتبهٌ عندي لم أجزم فيه بحلًّ ولا حرمةٍ بعد، وآثرت في كلّ ذلك سهولة العبارة ، وسرد المسائل وأحكامها بغير استدلالٍ في الأعمّ الأغلب، والبعد عن الخلافات المذهبيّة.

 

 كما رجعت لفتاوى أصحاب الفضيلة أعضاء اللجنة الدائمة للإفتاء في مجمع فقهاء الشريعة  بأمريكا في باب المعاملات والتمويل، فإقامتُهُم في هذه البلاد حيناً من الدّهر مكّنتهم من الوقوف على أحوال الناس ومعرفة النظام المصرفيّ الأمريكيّ وتفصيلات المعاملات المعاصرة بما قد يخفى على غيرهم من العلماء المقيمين في ديار الإسلام، فأهل مكّة أدرى بشعابها.

 

   وإذا جاز تسمية هذا البحث المتواضع اجتهاداً فهو اجتهادٌ في (تحقيقِ المناط) أو إنزالِ الأحكام على الوقائع. أمّا (تخريج المناط وتنقيحه) في باب الرّبا،  أو أحكام الرّبا وعِللُ هذه الأحكام، فهي مستقرةٌ في تراثنا الفقهيّ ولله الحمد، وقد تلقّاها أهل العلم بالقبول من السّلف والخلف.   

 

     أرجو الله عز وجل أن يتقبل مني هذا العمل بقبولٍ  حسنٍ ، وأن يجعله  خالصاً لوجهه الكريم ، وصلى الله على نبينا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين .

To proceed

This will be a brief study on the  usurious transactions in the USA  and  issues related to them, for the Muslim community in this country in general and the Islamic knowledge seekers in particular,  so that the latter get an insight about vehicles that would help them draw analogies between specific Sharia  texts and the changeable daily transactions and dealings, qualifying them to do their hoped – for duty in promoting for Islamic knowledge and alerting the Muslim community on such transactions, so that they avoid falling in usury and to adhere to Allah's ordains in their transactions just as they do with their devotion and rituals.

I started my dissertation with presenting the Sharia  rulings on usury, then I highlighted kinds of transactions which eventually lead to usury and the frequently  asked questions, mentioning the  permissible and the  forbidden thereof, as well as the disputable issues which I have no clear cut answers about . I also preferred to write with an easy- to – understand language , mentioning the Islarulings related to the topic in question and mostly keeping away from derivation of rulings and avoiding the scholars' different positions toward this or that issue.

 I also took my source of reference from their Eminence, the members of the Permenant Fatwa Committee of the Assembly of the Muslim Jurists in America,  given that their stay in this society has given them more access to such transactions and more data on the banking system than their fellow scholars in the Muslim countries.

    My focus in this research is not to ( reinvent the wheels)  by declaring the well-established and agreed upon rules of Riba, but to explain and analyze  the practical implementation of these rules on the light of the contemporary transactions and business trades people experience in the USA

 I hope that Allah SWT accepts this humble work of mine in pursuit of His pleasure, and peace and prayers upon the Prophet  and His Household and Companions, and those who follow his belief.

 



 



Dr. Main Al-Qudah

Al-Huda University
www.AlhudaUniversity.org








[karachi-Friends] Daily Qur'an & Hadith 01 May 2013 (20 Jamadi us'Sani 1434)

English Translation of Al-Quran

[22].Surah Al-Hajj [The Pilgrimage]

Ayat 49. Say (O Muhammad  [SAWW](PBUH): "O mankind! I am (sent) to you only as a plain warner."

Ayat 50. So those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, for them is forgiveness and Rizqûn Karim (generous provision, i.e. Paradise). Ayat 51. But those who strive against Our Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.), to frustrate and obstruct them, they will be dwellers of the Hell-fire.[Tafseer] Say: "O men! I am (sent) to you only to give a clear warning. It is the Messenger's duty to convey the warning in the clearest terms to the  wicked. It is not part of his duty to coerce them or judge them, or bring on the Punishment for them. That only rests with Allah. But the warning itself is full of Mercy: for it gives the highest hope to the repentant sinner who turns and comes to Allah. "Those who believe and work righteousness, for them is forgiveness and a sustenance most generous. The "sustenance" must be construed in the widest sense, spiritual as well as intellectual and physical. The reward of righteousness is far more generous than any merit there may be in the creature following the Will of his Creator. "But those who strive against Our Signs, to frustrate them,- they will be Companions of the Fire." It will not be in their power to frustrate Allah's Plan; all they will do is to go further and further down in their spiritual state, deeper and deeper into their Hell.

English Translation of Hadith  

Hazrat Saad bin Abu Waqqas (May Allah be pleased with him) reported: Messenger of Allah [SAWW](PBUH) said, "Allah loves a slave who is pious, free of all wants (as (generous provision is provided by Allah) and the unnoticed.''

[Muslim Chapter 42, Hadith # 7072]. 

Lesson : as mentioned above in Surah Al-Hajj Ayat 50."those who believe (in the Oneness of Allah Islamic Monotheism) and do righteous good deeds, for them is forgiveness and Rizqûn Karim (generous provision, i.e. Paradise)." Partial isolation, according to this Hadith, is recommendable for the obedience and worship of Allah. It is particularly approved when the prevalent corruption and social intercourse endanger religion, or its implementation looks no more feasible. .   

 

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(Jazak Allah Khair)  الله تعالی آپ کواعلی درجات اور آسانیاں عطا فرمائے
جزاكم الله خيرا وأحسن الجزاء في الدنيا والأخرة