Friday 2 December 2011

[PF:167625] Not Touching Quran In Impurity.

 
Bismillaah, wal-hamdulilaah, was-salaatu was-salaamu 'alaa rasoolillaah,
Assalaamu alaykum wa rahmatuallahi wa barakatuhu
 
 
Not Touching Quran In Impurity.

2:222. They ask you concerning menstruation. Say: that is an Adha (a harmful thing for a husband to have a sexual intercourse with his wife while she is having her menses), therefore keep away from women during menses and go not unto them till they have purified (from menses and have taken a bath). And when they have purified themselves, then go in unto them as Allâh has ordained for you (go in unto them in any manner as long as it is in their vagina). Truly, Allâh loves those who turn unto Him in repentance and loves those who purify themselves (by taking a bath and cleaning and washing thoroughly their private parts, bodies, for their prayers, etc.).


Prohibition of reciting Qur'an for Menstruating women, there are the following Ahadith.
Menstruation is seen as coming under the rulings that apply to one who is junub (in a state of impurity following sexual intercourse), because both states require ghusl. This is based on the hadeeth narrated by 'Ali ibn Abi Taalib (may Allaah be pleased with him), according to which the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) used to teach the Qur'aan and he never prevented anyone from learning it except those who were in a state of janaabah (impurity)." (Reported by Abu Dawood, 1/281; al-Tirmidhi, 146; al-Nisaa'i, 1/144; Ibn Maajah, 1/207; Ahmad, 1/84; Ibn Khuzaymah [??], 1/104. Al-Tirmidhi said: a saheeh hasan hadeeth. Al-Haafiz ibn Hajar said: the truth is that it is the type of hasan hadeeth that could be used as evidence).

The hadeeth of Ibn 'Umar (may Allaah be pleased with them both), according to which the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) said: "The menstruating woman and the one who is in a state of impurity (janaabah) should not recite anything of the Qur'aan." (Reported by al-Tirmidhi, 131; Ibn Maajah, 595; al-Daaraqutni (1/117); al-Bayhaqi, 1/89. This is a da'eef hadeeth, because it was reported by Ismaa'eel ibn 'Ayyaash from the Hijaazis, and his reports from them are da'eef as is well known to those who are conversant with the study of hadeeth.


Volume 1, Page 53: Reciting the Qur'an According to most scholars, one who is physically unclean (because of sex or menstruation) may not recite any portion of the Qur'an. This is based on a hadith from 'Ali, in which he stated that nothing kept the Messenger of Allah, upon whom be peace, from the Qur'an save being sexually impure. This is related by "the four." At-Tirmizhi graded it sahih. Says al-Hafez in al-Fath, "Some people declare some of its narrators weak. But, in fact, it is of the hassan class and it is satisfactory as a proof." He also related, "I saw the Messenger of Allah perform ablution and recite some of the Qur'an, after which he said, 'This is for the one who is not in post-sex impurity. If one is in post-sex impurity, he may not do so, not even one verse." Ahmad and Abu Ya'la related this hadith with that wording. With that wording, al-Haithami says, "Its narrators are trustworthy." Says ash-Shaukani, "If that (report) is authentic, that is proof enough that it is forbidden." ........... source:From Fiqh us-Sunnah


Forbidden to touch Quran in impurity
In a letter to 'Amr ibn Hazm, the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) told the people of Yemen: "No one should touch the Qur'aan except one who is taahir (pure)." (Reported by Maalik, 1/199; al-Nisaa'i, 8/57; Ibn Hibbaan, 793; al-Bayhaqi, 1/87. Al-Haafiz ibn Hajar said: A group of scholars classed this hadeeth as saheeh because it is so well known. Al-Shaafi'i said: It is proven by them that it was a letter sent by the Messenger of Allaah (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him). Ibn 'Abd al-Barr said: "This letter is famous among the scholars of seerah, and is so well known among the scholars that it does not need an isnaad. It is like tawaatur because the people accepted and recognized it.

Different opinion although this is not accepted by the majority of scholars
Al-Bukhari, at-Tabarani, Dawud, and Ibn Hazm are of the opinion that it is permissible for one who is in post-sex impurity (or in menstruation) to recite the Qur'an. Says al-Bukhari, "Ibrahim said, 'There is no problem if a menstruating woman recites a verse.' Ibn 'Abbas did not see anything wrong with a sexually impure person reciting the Qur'an. The Prophet, upon whom be peace, used to mention Allah under all circumstances." In Ibn Hajr's notes to that work, he says, "There is no authentic hadith reported by the author (al-Bukhari) concerning the prohibition of reciting by one who is sexually impure or menstruating." The sum total of what has been related on this issue informs us on this point, though the interpretations differ. Volume 1, Page 53: Reciting the Qur'an [From Fiqh us-Sunnah:]Malik made an exception for women who are teachers or students. He said that they may touch the Quran under any circumstances if they have need to do so.Al-YaSeen, pp.37-8.


Actually the Hanafis and Shafi`ees forbid menstruating women from reciting the Qur'aan (and one narration from Imaam Ahmad too). Also from the sahaabah this was the opinion of `Umar ibn al-Khattab and `Ali ibn Abee Taalib. From the Tabi`ees; al-Hasan al-Basri, al-Zukhri, Ibraahim al-Nakhai and Qatadah all held the opinion that a mensturating woman cannot recite Qur'aan.

Imaam at-Tirmidhi mentions in his sunan the view point of Shafi`ee, Ahmad, Sufyaan ath-Thawri and Ibnul Mubaarak:


ما جاء في الجنب والحائض أنهما لا يقرأان القرآن


‏حدثنا ‏ ‏علي بن حجر ‏ ‏والحسن بن عرفة ‏ ‏قالا حدثنا ‏ ‏إسمعيل بن عياش ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏موسى بن عقبة ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏نافع ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏ابن عمر ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏وفي ‏ ‏الباب ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏علي ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏أبو عيسى ‏ ‏حديث ‏ ‏ابن عمر ‏ ‏حديث لا نعرفه إلا من حديث ‏ ‏إسمعيل بن عياش ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏موسى بن عقبة ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏نافع ‏ ‏عن ‏ ‏ابن عمر ‏ ‏عن النبي ‏ ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏لا تقرأ الجنب ولا الحائض ‏ ‏وهو قول أكثر أهل العلم من ‏ ‏أصحاب النبي ‏ ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ ‏والتابعين ومن بعدهم مثل ‏ ‏سفيان الثوري ‏ ‏وابن المبارك ‏ ‏والشافعي ‏ ‏وأحمد ‏ ‏وإسحق ‏ ‏قالوا لا تقرأ الحائض ولا الجنب من القرآن شيئا إلا طرف الآية والحرف ونحو ذلك ورخصوا للجنب والحائض في التسبيح والتهليل ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏و سمعت ‏ ‏محمد بن إسمعيل ‏ ‏يقول ‏ ‏إن ‏ ‏إسمعيل بن عياش ‏ ‏يروي عن أهل ‏ ‏الحجاز ‏ ‏وأهل ‏ ‏العراق ‏ ‏أحاديث ‏ ‏مناكير كأنه ضعف روايته عنهم فيما ينفرد به وقال إنما حديث ‏ ‏إسمعيل بن عياش ‏ ‏عن أهل ‏ ‏الشأم ‏ ‏و قال ‏ ‏أحمد بن حنبل ‏ ‏إسمعيل بن عياش ‏ ‏أصلح من ‏ ‏بقية ‏ ‏ولبقية ‏ ‏أحاديث ‏ ‏مناكير عن الثقات ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏أبو عيسى ‏ ‏حدثني ‏ ‏أحمد بن الحسن ‏ ‏قال سمعت ‏ ‏أحمد بن حنبل ‏ ‏يقول ذلك ‏عن النبي ‏ ‏صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏ ‏قال ‏ ‏لا تقرأ الحائض ولا الجنب شيئا من القرآن ‏


Schools of thought

Hanafi View
It seems the Hanafis forbid recitation of the menstruating woman as mentioned in the Mukhtasar of Al-Quduri. Imam Ash-Shawkani states that a group of the Hanafis (Abu Yusuf) allowed such a person to recite the Qur'an as long as the intent was not tilawah (recitation) but simply saying words of the Qur'an.

The Shafi'i View
Imam An-Nawawi (rahimahullah) stated in his treatise "Al-Tibyan Fi Adab Hamalat al-Qur'an" the following,
"It is unlawful for a person in a state of major ritual impurity or during menstruation to recite the Quran, whether it is a verse or even less. It is permissible for them to [silently] peruse the Quran in their hearts without uttering it, and to look in the actual written text of the Quran [mushaf] and go over it in the heart."[Taken from the translated print by Musa Furber "Ettiquette With the Qur'an" pg. 37]

The Maliki View
The Maliki jurist Ibn Rushd states in his tome Bidayat Al-Mujtahid the following regarding the recitation of the Qur'an for the one who is junub or on their menses,
"The jurists differed about this, with the majority prohibiting it, and a group of jurists permitting it. The reason for their differences is the possibility of different interpretations of the tradition attributed to 'Ali in which he states: 'Nothing prevented the Prophet Muhammad from the recitation of the Qur'an except Janabah (sexual defilement).' One group of jurists said that this tradition does not give rise to a hukm, as it is only the impression of the narrator. Otherwise, how could one know that the Qur'an was not to be recited because of janaba, unless he informed him of this? The majority maintain that 'Ali would not say such a thing out of his own impression or conviction, and he said this after attaining sound knowledge.
A group of jurists considered the menstruating woman in the same position as the junub, while another group made a distinction between them, permitting the menstruating woman some recitation through istihsan, because of the length of the period of her menstruation. It is Malik's opinion."[Bidayat Al-Mujtahid Vol. 1 page 50 issue 3 published by Garnet and translated by Imran Nyazee. ]

Ibrahīm An-Nakha'ī is reported to have said as narrated by Ad-Dārimī, "Four do not recite the Qur'ān: the Junub, the Menstruating woman, while urinating or defecating, and while in the Hammām (lavatory – or wash area), except that it is [permitted] for an āyah or its like for the Junub and the menstruating woman.
[Ibn Hajr in his Fathul-Bari beneath the chapter of Sahih Al-Bukhari "It is legislated for a menstruating woman to perform all the rituals of Hajj (manaasik) except tawaf around the house".]


Menstruating woman in rituals of Hajj

Menstrualting women may not pray/salah or touch & read Quran but should do dhikr

Hadith of Bukhari regarding Aisha (RA) when she got her menses on the way to Mecca. Narrated 'Aisha (RA):

"We set out with the sole intention of performing Hajj and when we reached Sarif, (11 k.m. from Makka) I got my menses. Allah's Messenger (SAW) came to me while I was weeping. He said "What is the matter with you? Have you got your menses? I replied, "Yes." He said, "This is a thing Allah (SWT) has ordained for the daughters of Adam. So do what all the pilgrims do with the exception of Tawaf (Circumambulation) round the Ka'bah." 'Aisha (RA), added, "Allah's Messenger (SAW) sacrificed cows on behalf of his wives."

Menstrual Periods Bukhari :: Book 1 :: Volume 6 :: Hadith 313 Narrated 'Aisha:
In the last Hajj of Allah's Apostle I assume the Ihram for Hajj along with Allah Apostle. I was one of those who intended Tamattu' (to perform Hajj an 'Umra) and did not take the Hadi (animal for sacrifice) with me. I got my menses and was not clean till the night of 'Arafa I said, "O Allah's Apostle! It is the night of the day of 'Arafat and I intended to perform the Hajj Tamattu' with 'Umra Allah's Apostle told me to undo my hair and comb it and to postpone the 'Umra. I did the same and completed the Hajj. On the night of Al-Hasba (i.e. place outside Mecca where the pilgrims go after finishing all the ceremonies Hajj at Mina) he (the Prophet ordered 'Abdur Rahman ('Aisha's brother) to take me to At-Tan'im to assume the lhram for'Umra in lieu of that of Hajj-atTamattu' which I had intended to perform.


Masjid
1. 'A'isha ra relates that the Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wasallam said: "I do not make lawful the masjid for menstruating women or for one who is in a seminally defiled state [junub]. (Sunan Abu Dawud)

2. Umm Salama ra related that the Prophet Sallallahu alayhi wasallam entered the courtyard of the masjid and announced aloud, "The masjid is not permitted for the seminally defiled and for the menstruating women." (Tabarani)

Menstuating women should keep away only from Musalla [salah place] in the mosque

The Book of Menstruation (Kitab Al-Haid) Muslim :: Book 3 : Hadith 587
'A'isha reported: The Messenger of Allah (may peace be upon him) said to me: Get me the mat from the mosque. I said: I am menstruating. Upon this he remarked: Your menstruation is not in your hand.'Note: the door of her chamber opened up into the masjid].

"I heard Allah's Messenger (SAW) that the unmarried virgins and the mature girls and the menstruating women should come out and participate in the good deeds as well as invocations of faithful believers but the menstruating women should keep away from the Musalla - praying place [Salat (prayers)]. Someone asked (Umm 'Atiya) (surprisingly), "Do you say the menstruating women?" She replied, "Doesn't a menstruating woman attend 'Arafat (Hajj) and such and such (other deeds)?"
Hadith of Bukhari and Muslim concerning the Eid prayer. Narrated Umm 'Atiya (RA):

wallahu al'am
was'salaam.
 
 
 
 
 
Surah Isra 17 verse 80 Say: "O my Lord! let my entry be by the Gate of Truth and Honor and likewise my exit by the Gate of Truth and Honor; and grant me from Thy Presence an authority to aid (me)." 
Ameen.
 
Transliteration :Wa qur rabbi adkhilni mudkhala sidqiw wa akhrijni mukhraja sidqiw wa-j'al li mil ladunka sulta_nan nasira_(n).

Al-Tirmidhi HadithHadith 2482 Narrated by AbuHurayrah  (May Allah be pleased with him)
Allah's Messenger (peace be upon him) used to say, " O Allah, grant me benefit in what Thou hast taught me, teach me what will benefit me, and increase my knowledge. Praise be to Allah in all circumstances. I seek refuge in Allah from the state of those who go to Hell."
Tirmidhi and Ibn Majah transmitted it, Tirmidhi saying this is a tradition whose isnad is gharib.
 
Transliteration:an Abi Hurairah (radiya Allahu anhu) qaal:
qaala Rasul Allah (salla Allahu alayhi wa sallam): "Allahumma infa'ni bima 'allamtani, wa allimni maa yanfa'oni wa zidni 'ilman, alhamdulillahi alaa kolli haal, wa a'odtho billahi min haali ahlil naar."

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